Editing Sidanius Pratto 1999 (section)

====The Neoclassical Elite Approach====
*Primary conflict: masses and elites
*Believed that democracy and group-based social equality were unachievable
*All social systems were inherently undemocratic, ruled by a small elite who justified their disproportionate power
*Pareto: distinguished between governing and non-governing elites
**Argued that power is based on four factors
***'''Social heterogeneity''': conflict between the ruled and those that rule. 
***'''Interest''': goals individuals want to achieve (ex. wealth, power, desirable mates)
***'''Residues''': “psychological dispositions occupying an intermediate status between human sentiments and observable expressions” (Sidanius and Pratto, Chapter 1). It includes knowable and unknowable things.
****'''Class I residues''': instinct for combinations
Essentially openness. Desire for adventure, inventiveness, progressivism
****'''Class II residues''': preservation of aggregates
Norm-following. Upholding traditions. Respecting institutions like the church.
***'''Derivations''': logical justifications that elites give regarding them ruling even if their real motives are sentiment-motivated
****Ex. divine right of kings
*'''Authors contend that an argument with this class of theories is that elites rule because of their individually virtuous or meritorious qualities. Though some people may be exceptional, identification in a dominant social group helps with access to opportunity and legitimacy.'''