Editing Stoddard 1997 (section)

=== ii. A Paradigm of Reform ===
*Goals of lawmaking
#To create new rights and remedies for victims
#To alter the conduct of the government
#To alter the conduct of citizens/private entities 
#To express a new moral/standard
#To change cultural attitudes/patterns 
**"rule-shifting": the traditional role of the law in expressing the formal rulemaking/enforcement function for society
***the first three goals comprise this role
**"culture-shifting": advancing the rights and interests of people who have been treated poorly by the law and by the culture, promoting values that should be rights
*** the fourth and fifth goals comprise this role
*The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("The Act")
**it had both "rule" and "cultural-shifting" power and met all five goals of lawmaking 
**the Act was the result of "passionate and informal national debate" among Americans that lasted a decade, and this debate is what gave the Act its "culture-shifting" power
**because the Act was passed by Congress it was received as more legitimate, giving it "rule-shifting" power