Editing Xygalatas 2013 (section)

===Method===

They observed 86 males

19 high-ordeal performers of Kavadi
32 high-ordeal observers of Kavadi
35 low-ordeal performers who took part in Thaipusam 3 days earlier

All participants took part in both rituals, although each was tested in only one, selected randomly to avoid self-selection biases. Both rituals had taken place at the same venue, and had similar durations and numbers of attendants.

Following the ritual, attendees entered a room near the temple and answered a questionnaire on a computer prior to engaging in a donation task.

Prosociality was measured on two axes: their behavior (charity), and attitudes (social identification).