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Benn Miguel Posner 2010
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==='''Beyond Aggregate Effects'''=== Eifert et. al have examined four alternative explanations for why people identify based on ethnicity in Africa: ::1. "Modernization will disconnect individuals from traditional concepts, such as viewing themselves through ethnic lens, in favor for class/occupational identities." :::-This is disproven because it would suggest that more traditional communities would have stronger ethnic attachments, which is not reflected in data.Also, additional researchers have provided the insight that urbanization has a higher chance of deepening ethnic ties, as economic, political, and social advancement tend to exploit these group memberships. ::2. "Ethnic groups that are large to form significant political coalitions consist of more individuals who are willing to identify through that ethnic group." ::Alternative Hypothesis formulated by authors: "Smaller ethnic groups are more likely to identify their membership due to unwillingness to being dominated by larger group" :::-Both of these hypotheses are disproven based on data, which reveals that size not only does not impact willingness of identification to a certain ethnic group, but it also does not impact any other category of social identity. ::3."Supporters of current political groups in power are not as likely to be connected to their ethnic identities, while supporters of oppositional political groups are more likely to identify through ethnic ties due to political partisanship." :::-This hypothesis is disproven by data collected through survey study, and similar to previous hypotheses, other categories of social identity are not impacted by stance on current political groups in power. ::4. "Media portrayals of African conflicts consisting of armies of unemployed young men may make young African men more prone to identify with their ethnic groups." :::-The data reveals that young men are not more likely to identify through ethnicity than any other gender/age group in the study. When considering all of this, it is important to to note that the data of this study consists of just 10 countries, limiting the generation of meaningful results for triple interactions.
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