Editing Anderson 2006

==Introduction==

*Nationality (nation-ness and nationalism) as a cultural artifacts
*Need to understand 
**How they have come into being
**How the meaning has changed over time
**Why they hold emotional legitimacy today

'''Argument:''' the creation stems from the historical forces aligning, then became moveable, interactive socially, politically, and ideologically

==Concepts and Definitions==

Three paradoxes of nations/nationalism
#Objective modernity of nations to historians vs. subjective antiquity to nationalists
#Formal universality of nationality as a socio-cultural concept vs. its concrete manifestations
#Political power of nationalisms vs. their lack of philosophy

*'''Issue:''' nationalism often classified as an ideology (similar to kinship and religion)

*'''Definition of Nation:''' an imagined political community, imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign
**Imagined: members of a nation will never know  most of their fellow members, but share communion. **Nationalism invents nations where they do not exist.
**Limited: nations have finite (but elastic) boundaries
**Sovereign: Enlightenment and Revolution destroyed legitimacy of the divine realm, created during religious **unrest and therefore symbolizes freedom
**Community: nations hold horizontal comradeship

==Cultural Roots==

*Emblems of the modern culture of nationalism → tombs of Unknown Soldiers
**Hold ghostly national imaginings, even though no one knows of their origins
*Dawn of the age of nationalism, but dusk of religious modes of thought
**Required a continuity with meaning
**Nations were suited to fill in the void, because they loom out of the past and glide into the future
**Does not suggest a causal relationship, but contextualizes the culture systems preceding it

'''Three cultural conceptions that lost power:'''
#Script-language offered privileged access to ontological truth
#Society was naturally organized around/under high centers (like a monarch)
#Cosmology and historical were indistinguishable, origins of man and the world were identical

==Origins of National Consciousness==

===Print Capitalism===
*Book-publishing services searched for markets, initially Europe (Latin)

'''Expanded due to three reasons:'''
#Change in Latin
#Impact of the Reformation (really promoted the print market)
#Slow and uneven spread of vernaculars as tools for administrative centralization (there was no systematic imposition of language)

'''Print languages laid the groundwork for national consciousness in three ways:'''
#Unified fields of exchange and communications through print and paper: allowed people to grow aware of their thousands of people in their language field, connected through print
#Fixity to language: printed books kept a permanent form, were not unconsciously modernized
#Languages of power: dominant languages in print gained power

==Closure==
In conclusion, Chapter 4 of Imagined Communities talks about the rise of Nationalism
as a powerful concept in today's society along with the exploration of National 
Consciousness and how it was developed by several factors such as historical events
and cultural norms.