Editing Gamson Wolfsfeld 1993
The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
definitions: | |||
- Media- | |||
# movement is a transactional relationship that is symbiotic and dependent on the other | # movement is a transactional relationship that is symbiotic and dependent on the other | ||
- Social movement is defined as: | |||
# Sustained and self conscious challenge to authorities or cultural codes by various actors like organizations or networks | # Sustained and self conscious challenge to authorities or cultural codes by various actors like organizations or networks | ||
- Some of these actors employ extra institutional means of influence | |||
# The media-movement relationship is not necessarily equal | # The media-movement relationship is not necessarily equal | ||
# Movements are generally more dependent on media than the reverse | # Movements are generally more dependent on media than the reverse | ||
# Asymmetry implies greater power of media system here | # Asymmetry implies greater power of media system here | ||
What is the “competitive symbiosis” between the two? | |||
Movements need news media for three reasons: | |||
- Mobilization | |||
# Most movements need to reach populace in part through public discourse | # Most movements need to reach populace in part through public discourse | ||
Through publications or meetings | |||
# Media discourse is indispensable because they reach people that are often missed by movement oriented outlets | # Media discourse is indispensable because they reach people that are often missed by movement oriented outlets | ||
- Validation | |||
# Media spotlight validates the fact that the movement is an important player | # Media spotlight validates the fact that the movement is an important player | ||
# Receiving standing in the media is often a necessary condition before targets of influence grant movements recognition | # Receiving standing in the media is often a necessary condition before targets of influence grant movements recognition | ||
- Scope enlargement | |||
# Scope of the conflict frequently changes over time | # Scope of the conflict frequently changes over time | ||
# Introduction and subtraction of players changes power relations between contestants | # Introduction and subtraction of players changes power relations between contestants | ||
# Where the scope is narrow, weaker party has much to gain and not a lot to lose by broadening it | # Where the scope is narrow, weaker party has much to gain and not a lot to lose by broadening it | ||
Making a conflict public provides: | |||
# Opportunity of movement to increase relative power over antagonist | # Opportunity of movement to increase relative power over antagonist | ||
- Mass media coverage is a vehicle for this | |||
# Not just attention, but rather the content of the media coverage that affects whether and in what ways other parties get to intervene or interact | # Not just attention, but rather the content of the media coverage that affects whether and in what ways other parties get to intervene or interact | ||
# Movements depend on media to generate public sympathy | # Movements depend on media to generate public sympathy | ||
What do social movements provide for media: | |||
# Drama | # Drama | ||
# Conflict | # Conflict | ||
# Action | # Action | ||
Movements need media more than media needs them: | |||
- Translates into greater power for media | |||
Power dependency theory distinguishes two components of power: | |||
1. Value: | |||
- How much the other party needs one’s own services | - How much the other party needs one’s own services | ||
2. need: | |||
- Refers to how much one needs the other party’s services | - Refers to how much one needs the other party’s services | ||
Line 97: | Line 100: | ||
Examples of movements contesting the dominant media framing of issues with some success: | Examples of movements contesting the dominant media framing of issues with some success: | ||
1 | 1, The movement opposing the U.S. war against Nicaragua faced a prominent, officially supported media that depicted the war as a struggle against communist expansion | ||
a. Local groups were able to counter this frame by making the issue of whether the United States should continue a war whose human costs were so high that it violated basic American values | a. Local groups were able to counter this frame by making the issue of whether the United States should continue a war whose human costs were so high that it violated basic American values | ||
2. Media plays a double role here | 2. Media plays a double role here | ||
Line 126: | Line 129: | ||
=== Hypotheses === | === Hypotheses === | ||
==== Effects of movements on media coverage ==== | ==== Effects of movements on media coverage ==== | ||
==== Hypothesis (1) ==== | ==== Hypothesis (1) ==== | ||
==== Hypothesis (2) ==== | ==== Hypothesis (2) ==== | ||
==== Hypothesis (3) ==== | ==== Hypothesis (3) ==== | ||
==== Effects of media on movements ==== | ==== Effects of media on movements ==== | ||
==== Hypothesis (4) ==== | ==== Hypothesis (4) ==== | ||
==== Hypothesis (5) ==== | ==== Hypothesis (5) ==== | ||
==== Hypothesis (6) ==== | ==== Hypothesis (6) ==== | ||
== Conclusion == | == Conclusion == | ||