Editing Mares Young 2016
The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.
Latest revision | Your text | ||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
*Main Topic: Explores the complex dynamics of electoral influence worldwide, examining how voters are influenced by both threats and promises based on their vote. | *Main Topic: Explores the complex dynamics of electoral influence worldwide, examining how voters are influenced by both threats and promises based on their vote. | ||
**Clientelism Evolution: Details the progression of clientelism, highlighting the variety of intermediaries involved in the electoral process and the different tactics they employ. | **Clientelism Evolution: Details the progression of clientelism, highlighting the variety of intermediaries involved in the electoral process and the different tactics they employ. | ||
**Types of Clientelism: Distinguishes between positive inducements (rewards) and negative inducements (threats). | **Types of Clientelism: Distinguishes between positive inducements (rewards) and negative inducements (threats). | ||
Line 17: | Line 15: | ||
*Types of Inducements: | *Types of Inducements: | ||
##Positive Inducements: Tangible rewards like money, goods, or favors exchanged for votes. | ##Positive Inducements: Tangible rewards like money, goods, or favors exchanged for votes. | ||
##Negative Inducements: Threats of economic or physical harm used to influence voting behavior,including withdrawal of benefits, eviction, or violence. | ##Negative Inducements: Threats of economic or physical harm used to influence voting behavior,including withdrawal of benefits, eviction, or violence. | ||
*Challenges in Measurement: Difficulty in measuring inducements due to their illegal nature and the mutual desire to conceal these transactions, especially where vote-buying is illegal. | *Challenges in Measurement: Difficulty in measuring inducements due to their illegal nature and the mutual desire to conceal these transactions, especially where vote-buying is illegal. | ||
Line 98: | Line 90: | ||
#Economic Conditions | #Economic Conditions | ||
##Employers electoral influence is the result of their control over important dimensions affecting the welfare of workers, such as their wages, levels of employment, or access to social policy benefits that are privately provided. | ##Employers electoral influence is the result of their control over important dimensions affecting the welfare of workers, such as their wages, levels of employment, or access to social policy benefits that are privately provided. | ||
# 3 factors lower the costs of economic intimidation in localities with high levels of concentration | |||
1.Owing to their scale, larger firms incur lower costs in carrying out political activities, such as control of electoral turnover or the distribution of political material on behalf of a particular candidate | |||
2.In concentrated localities, workers have fewer employment opportunities outside the firm | |||
3.the concentration of employment in the hands of small members of actors reduces the possible coordination problems faced by employers in punishing workers with “dangerous” political views by denying them employment opportunities | |||
*The willingness of employers to engage in electoral intimidation is also affected by labor market conditions such as labor scarcity | *The willingness of employers to engage in electoral intimidation is also affected by labor market conditions such as labor scarcity | ||
Line 110: | Line 101: | ||
** These explanations refer to voters' partisan preferences, socioeconomic status, and psychological attributes | ** These explanations refer to voters' partisan preferences, socioeconomic status, and psychological attributes | ||
* | *POLICY OR PARTISAN PREFERENCE | ||
*Arguments on Partisan Preference: | *Arguments on Partisan Preference: | ||
Line 145: | Line 136: | ||
*The effectiveness of electoral violence can partly be explained by how different psychological predispositions among citizens influence their reaction to threats or violence, suggesting varied emotional responses across different demographic groups. | *The effectiveness of electoral violence can partly be explained by how different psychological predispositions among citizens influence their reaction to threats or violence, suggesting varied emotional responses across different demographic groups. | ||
*Summary | *Summary | ||
**As trade-off and clientelistic mobilization was at the center of electoral processes, studies have been attempting to further disaggregate the types of clientelistic echnages that we can be seen done by brokers with candidates and voters. Questions such as “what are the most salient variables that explain variation across countries, regions, and localities in the mix of clientelistic strategies?” and “who are the voters being targetted by different clientelistic strategies?”. TTherefore Mares & Young seek to gain a further understanding of how local leaders/ brokers are important during elections and what changes are possible to shift influence strategies, as well as understanding when voters are more likely to support particular candidates if those relations are viewed as gifts or threats. | **As trade-off and clientelistic mobilization was at the center of electoral processes, studies have been attempting to further disaggregate the types of clientelistic echnages that we can be seen done by brokers with candidates and voters. Questions such as “what are the most salient variables that explain variation across countries, regions, and localities in the mix of clientelistic strategies?” and “who are the voters being targetted by different clientelistic strategies?”. TTherefore Mares & Young seek to gain a further understanding of how local leaders/ brokers are important during elections and what changes are possible to shift influence strategies, as well as understanding when voters are more likely to support particular candidates if those relations are viewed as gifts or threats. |