Editing Mares Young 2016
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*Main Topic: Explores the complex dynamics of electoral influence worldwide, examining how voters are influenced by both threats and promises based on their vote. | *Main Topic: Explores the complex dynamics of electoral influence worldwide, examining how voters are influenced by both threats and promises based on their vote. | ||
**Clientelism Evolution: Details the progression of clientelism, highlighting the variety of intermediaries involved in the electoral process and the different tactics they employ. | **Clientelism Evolution: Details the progression of clientelism, highlighting the variety of intermediaries involved in the electoral process and the different tactics they employ. | ||
**Types of Clientelism: Distinguishes between positive inducements (rewards) and negative inducements (threats). | **Types of Clientelism: Distinguishes between positive inducements (rewards) and negative inducements (threats). | ||
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*Types of Inducements: | *Types of Inducements: | ||
##Positive Inducements: Tangible rewards like money, goods, or favors exchanged for votes. | ##Positive Inducements: Tangible rewards like money, goods, or favors exchanged for votes. | ||
##Negative Inducements: Threats of economic or physical harm used to influence voting behavior,including withdrawal of benefits, eviction, or violence. | ##Negative Inducements: Threats of economic or physical harm used to influence voting behavior,including withdrawal of benefits, eviction, or violence. | ||
*Challenges in Measurement: Difficulty in measuring inducements due to their illegal nature and the mutual desire to conceal these transactions, especially where vote-buying is illegal. | *Challenges in Measurement: Difficulty in measuring inducements due to their illegal nature and the mutual desire to conceal these transactions, especially where vote-buying is illegal. |